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Number of pages: 11
Reference number: 1656/3/2/1178
Catalogue ID: 105281
Subject: KapoPolishConcentration camps
Summary:

On 19 March 1944, the Nazis occupied Budapest and, after a very short time, the terror of chasing, looting, humiliating the Jewish population was spread all over Hungary. The authoress lived at Pécs, a town with a community of 6,000 Jews. Together with her husband and their eighteen-year-old son she had to move into a small kitchen at the Ghetto; but soon all men had to join labour companies, and the rest of the Hungarian Jews (apart from those at Budapest) were evacuated by rail to destinations unknown. The Pécs Ghetto was the last to be emptied (7 July 1944). Brutal ill-treatment; horrible conditions on transport; doors opened only once in three days and two nights, in order to take out the corpses. Atrocious proceedings at arrival at Auschwitz. Appalling conditions of life. Arrival at Auschwitz of a great number of Christian Poles, most of whom were gassed. Transport to Ravensbruck and on to a small Labour Camp at Reinickendorf near Berlin; work at Argus aircraft factory until the end of January 1945. Digging trenches; frost, starvation, nutrition-edema, atrocities, cruel punishment.

In April 1945, confusion started to be obvious. March to Oranienburg, KZ already in a chaotic state. Escape & liberation. Three months at a Russian quarantine camp at Landsberg.

In August, back to Pécs, reunited with husband & son. The family left Hungary in October 1956, the authoress & her husband have jobs in London, their son lives abroad.

Number of pages: 6
Reference number: 1656/3/8/677
Catalogue ID: 105897
Subject: ChildrenKindertransportMental health
Number of pages: 6
Reference number: 1656/3/8/794
Catalogue ID: 105946
Subject: SonderkommandoDeath marchesSinti and Roma
Summary:

Adolf Gussak is a Gipsy and worked at rectory of Stegersbach (Burgenland). In 1938 he was arrested by the Gestapo and was taken first to Eisenstadt, then to Dachau. Description of usual chicanery there. In March 1939 he was brought to Mauthausen (transport from camp to camp). Special reference to conditions in the quarry and other arbeitskommandos, the Todessteiege von Mauthausen, and the methods of killings under the caption Auf Der Flucht Erschossen. Discrimination in treatment of different nationalities - Russians worst. At an inspection of the camp by a foreign commission on the pretext of adequate rations, decent housing and fair state of health of prisoners, ill persons confined to barracks. There was the establishment of a brothel staffed by women from Ravensbrück with compulsory visits. Training place of SS bloodhounds.

After the liberation of the camp by the Americans the author returned to Stegersbach where only 20 out of 300 Gipsies had survived.

Number of pages: 6
Reference number: 1656/3/8/33
Catalogue ID: 105692
Subject: DanishDeportationsKapo
Summary:

When the Nazis entered his native town in Hungary and arrested his father, Mr Heimler went into hiding as a patient in the mental department of the hospital. Every night he escaped and visited his bride in the ghetto (p.1). Finally they got married. The Hugarian Gendarmerie was worse than the German SS (p.2). Horrible transport to Auschwitz (p.2-3). Gypsies. Brutal Jewish foremen (p.3). Buchenwald (p.4-5). Danish policemen (p.4). Transport ‘Schwalge’ to Berga-Elster. Hostile German population; helpful Czechs (p.5). Camp Troeglitz with I.G. Farben factory producing artificial petroleum (p.4).

Number of pages: 6
Reference number: 1656/3/8/34
Catalogue ID: 105693
Subject: DeportationsChildrenSinti and Roma
Summary:

Esra Juermann was deported from Dresden to Riga - together with his mother and brother Manfred - when not yet 13 years old (on 20 January 1942). The mother was killed in the so-called second “Aktion” and Manfred was separated from Esra in February 1945 and never heard from again. The report includes a description of the conditions in the Riga Ghetto and the concentration camps of Stutthof and Burggraben.

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