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Number of pages: 14
Reference number: 1656/3/4/840
Catalogue ID: 105366
Subject: Star of DavidMass killingsRescue
Summary:

Miss Gompertz is a Dutch Jewess. Two of her grandparents were baptized, and when in 1941 questionnaires for the Nazis had to be completed, she entered only two Jewish ancestors and was therefore regarded as only half-Jewish. This entailed certain privileges, and when Gompertz joined the Resistance in 1942 it facilitated her work. Her parents were baptized and at first protected by the Getauften Sperre, one of the stamps exempting Jews from deportation, but after 1943 they too, were deported. Mr Gompertz died before, but Mrs Gompertz was sent to Westerbork in September 1943. Thanks to a pre-dated certificate of baptism she escaped extermination.

In 1942 Miss Gompertz's papers were found to be wrongly completed, and she lived illegally as Halbjüdin. Through connections to Aus der Fünten, head of the SD., she obtained papers exempting her from wearing the Judenstern and from deportation. In December 1942 these papers were confiscated, and due to the work of Kallmeier of the Amt Für Rassenkunde in The Hague her true origin was ascertained. Gompertz and her sister decided to go underground and were sheltered by non-Jewish friends in Naarden. Two SD officials there suspected her forged papers and arrested Gompertz and her sister. Handcuffed, they were taken to Naarden and Amsterdam police. While they were in the overcrowded Schouwberg, 12 different members of the Resistance tried to rescue them. One of them, Theo Woortman, who had saved hundreds of Jewish children obtained permission for her, to go to a Children's Home to “feed her baby”. Their names were deleted from the Schouwburg lists, and Gompertz and her sister hid in the nursery, while the inmates of the Schouwburg were deported.

After a short and dangerous stay at Woortman’s house, Gompertz moved to the resistance headquarters, where under the heroic leadership of Steef van Zuylekom, and Gerhard Badrian all kinds of forged papers were produced and distributed. In April 1944 the whole group was arrested and taken to the Huis von Bewaring. Attempts at rescue, during which Gerrit van der Veen was shot, failed, and Gompertz was sent to the punishment block in Westerbork which meant extermination. For the price of a geyser for camp commandant Gemmeke five Jews were released and Gompertz was one of them. She was reunited with her mother in the block for baptised.

In September 1944 Gompertz and her mother were put on one of the dreaded transports and came to Theresienstadt. Most of the prisoners were ultimately sent to extermination camps, only those holding special stamps (for baptised Dutch Jews or barnevald) were spared. Fictitious cemeteries with fictitious tombstones were erected to account for the steadily decreasing numbers, just as shop, cafés and banks were established for show. When the camp became empty, it was filled with half-Jews, mixed marriages, Gypsies and nomad tribed. Gompertz had to work on building sites and in the Mica factory. After Theresienstadt was liberated, Gompertz was taken to a transit camp in Pilsen and eventually repatriated by the Americans.

The interview also gives details about Portuguese Jews who tried to prove their Catholic origin. Dutch Jews who refused to join the ärtzekammer in support of Jewish doctors. Burial of Onderduikers and the dangers entailed. Silbertannenmorde, arbitrary shooting of people as reprisal measures.

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