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Number of pages: 5
Reference number: 1656/3/9/1040
Catalogue ID: 106513
Subject: Mass killingsRiga-Kaiserwald (concentration camp)Buchenwald (concentration camp)
Summary:

In a certified letter, Kliotz states that he was in several concentration camps in Riga and in Germany, together with one Leon Schalit. He then lists the following war criminals whom he knew personally:

     Klaus Aadams, driver of the S.D. Cruel treatment of Jews.

     Albrecht, policeman in the Ghetto. Killed many Jews.

     Aarajs, mass murderer, leader of invaders of the Warsaw Ghetto.

     Danskop, famous for killing children.

     Dunker, known to have killed many Jews in Salaspils near. Riga.

     Max Gymnich, driver for the Gestapo. Killed many Jews.

     Kurt Krause, mass murderer.

     Dr. Lange, chief of the Gestapo. Responsible for mass murders. Took photographs of massacres. Edgar Haidt, German Jews, was engaged as his gardener.

     Maiwald, tortured Jews to death.

     Kurt Migge, arranged “huntings” of Jews and shot them from afar.

     Nickel, treated inmates badly.

     Ed Roschmann, tortured boys until they died slowly in terrible pains.

     Albert Sauer, leader of Kaiserwald, killed many Jews.

     Scherwitz, saved author's life twice.

     Stanke not known to have killed anybody.

     Sorge, cruel treatment of prisoners.

     Zuckers, instigator of “ Aktionen “ in Latvian villages in 1941.

     Wideman, Hauptscharführer, killed many Jews.

     Globel (or Plobel) and son of 20, commander of Stuetzpunkt or Command 1002, in charge of groups who had to dig mass graves and burn bodies and who were shot after several weeks of such work, hence “Spurenverwischungs-Kommando”.

     Daiber, Hauptscharführer, tortured Jews by letting them touch electric wires and killed many.

     Blatterspiegel, Hauptscharführer, treated Jews very badly.

     Schuler, Scharführer of C. Camp Buchenwald, although brutal to Jews, not known to have killed any.

     Hoffmann, Scharführer in Riga and camp leader in Magdeburg. Notorious sadist, tortured people to death.

Number of pages: 4
Reference number: 1656/3/9/1033e
Catalogue ID: 106512
Subject: Mass killingsSterilisationSinti and Roma
Summary: Letter to the War Crimes Group N.W.E. at the B.A.O.R.

The author accuses the mass-murderer Max Gymnich of killing thirty thousand Latvians and innumerable Jews and furnishes the names and ranks of further criminals from the Ghetto and the camps of Riga, twenty-eight of them of German nationality, three Latvians and one Ukrainian.

Number of pages: 4
Reference number: 1656/3/9/1031a
Catalogue ID: 106498
Subject: GestapoMass killingsRiga (ghetto)
Summary: As a political prisoner at Kaiserwald and Dondangen, the author worked as a car cleaner at the Gestapo Headquarters in Riga and would see Oberscharführer Rudolf Seck, a leading Gestapo-man, nearly every day. He was always with Dr. Lange‘s group, which received the Austrian, Czech and German transports of Jews at the station in order to take them to the camps, where they usually did not arrive, but were shot in the Bikernieku Forest. The men used to boast of their shooting abilities afterwards. Seck was also sent to quell partisan uprisings and liquidate camps. He took the former belongings of his victims for himself. He participated in the “Aktionen“ in the Riga Ghetto in 1941, and associated with Scherwitz there and at Lenta.

The author accuses Seck and the SS-officers Reese, Nickel, Tekemeyer and Otto Mohr of murdering 16 Jews at Salaspils in 1942. Among the victims was a Latvian Jew, called Heppy who was very popular because of his character and the help he had given to thousands of Jews. Whenever people were to be shot or hung the above or other high ranking officers of the Gestapo had to be present at the execution.

Number of pages: 4
Reference number: 1656/3/9/1015
Catalogue ID: 106476
Subject: Riga-Kaiserwald (concentration camp)Ghettos
Number of pages: 3
Reference number: 1656/3/9/1003
Catalogue ID: 106474
Subject: Riga-Kaiserwald (concentration camp)Riga (ghetto)Ghettos
Summary:

In a letter to H. Michelson, the author, a former inmate of the Kaiserwald and Strasdenhof, describing atrocities committed by Kapo Hans Bruns (Kaiserwald and Strasdenhof), Dering, commandant of Strasdenhof. SS-guard Danskop (Riga Ghetto), and SS-men Schuller and Hans Hoffmann (Magdeburg camp).

Number of pages: 10
Reference number: 1656/3/9/965
Catalogue ID: 106470
Subject: ExecutionsEscapeesRescue
Summary:

When ordered to join the army, the author’s husband, a Jew and known to be politically on the left side, was sent to a “Strafkompanie” at the Ukrainian front. The commander of the labour camp was Colonel Muray, later sentenced to death and executed (Nagykata). At the end of the war, the Jewish workers were shot by the Germans in order to prevent them from joining the Russians (p.1).

Generally the author faced no active persecution during the year 1943 (p.2). From the date of the German occupation (19 March 1944) there was methodical persecution, getting worse as the war went on, especially from 15 October 1944, after an attempt of a separate peace-treaty had failed (p.2). Non-Jews helping Jews (p.2-3, 6).

The author went into hiding provided with false documents, was found out and arrested. Atrocious examinations at the Pfeilkreuzler Headquarters, (p3-6) Andrassy Str. 60 (p.3-4). Innumerable Jews were killed there after terrible ill-treatment (p.5).

One of the Pfeilkreuzlers, Parkany Rudolf, rescued many Jews from the worst; at his trial, after the liberation, he was acquitted on the strength of their evidence (p.5-6).

The Pfeilkreuzler at the Headquarters who had been so brave in their struggle with the Jews panicked at the news of the Russian approach, in Christmas 1944; the author escaped in the confusion, (p.6). Completely destitute, the author had to retreat, as before, to the house under Swedish protection in Tatra Utca, but it still would be searched by Pfeilkreuzlers, who went on deporting and murdering Jews on the plea of being in possession of forged Schutzpässe (p.2, 7). They took the author together with many others to the already overcrowded Ghetto (p.7-9), from which the Russians liberated the surviving internees nearly frozen and starved, on 18 January 1945.

Number of pages: 14
Reference number: 1656/3/9/897
Catalogue ID: 106456
Subject: AntisemitismAuschwitz-Birkenau (concentration and...Children
Summary:

The author was a chemist in Losonc. Anti-Jewish laws were introduced in 1938, but vicious persecution did not start before spring 1940.

In the course of wholesale recruiting for forced labour author was sent to Tokay, where 15,000 Jews had to do very heavy, but completely useless work under inhuman conditions and bestial treatment. When German troups occupied Hungary in March 1944, practically all Jewish men were sent to forced labour and the author came to Miskolc, under the command of the worst elements of the Hungarian army who revelled in sadistic treatment of their charges, particularly the orthodox Jews. In the course of May the aged, women and children who had been left behind were driven into Ghettos. The author saw the long trails of unhappy people staggering into the newly established Ghetto in Miskolc and later, having been robbed of their last belongings, into the inferno of the collecting camp in a disused brick factory, the departure station for Auschwitz. Deportations from other Hungarian areas took place simultaneously, and Miskolc being an important railway junction, the trains frequently shunted there, and the author witnessed the heartrending plight of the deportees clamouring for air, food and water.

The author and his fellow-prisoners tried to succour them, but the merciless Hungarian military police prevented this. In July the slave labourers were drafted into so-called “Sturm-Kompanien” for pioneer work at the front. In over-crowded supply trains they were sent into Poland; from Delatyn they had to march for several days and found the frontier in a state of retreat. They had to carry heavy military equipment back across the Carpathian mountains and finally halted at Beregszaz and Marmarossziget - once flourishing places, now completely desolate. The synagogues were storage places for confiscated Jewish chattels. The failure of President Horthy to make a separate peace resulted in riots, and the author saw the synagogues and state property looted. On the resumption of the retreat many of the non-Jewish guards deserted, and the author escaped together with 5 others. However, the chaos on the roads, the cold weather and the complete lack of food and money reduced them to a state of utter exhaustion. One of them died, and the others gave themselves up to the Military Police in Dunaszerdahely.

They were taken to a collecting camp in Gyoer - the worst of any the author has known. Conditions there still worsened, when the “Pfeiikreuzler” rounded up the remaining Jews and drove them on the roads towards Vienna. Those who were not shot or died en route, were herded into the camp. After a few weeks in “this hell”, the author had to proceed with others to Szombathely, in the wake of the death march of thousands of Jews whose corpses, graves and belongings lined the route. At the Austrian frontier they had to dig fortifications, but soon they were rushed further west. After 21 days of marching they reached Graz and were taken to the ill-famed Mauthausen camp. When author was driven to yet another place - Guenskirchen - American troups liberated him on 4 May 1958.

Number of pages: 7
Reference number: 1656/3/9/530
Catalogue ID: 106408
Subject: Concentration campsDeath marchesŁódź (ghetto)
Summary:

This report details the authors German education in Prague, their medical studies; marriage in 1922, widowed 1938; son educated in England since 1939 (p.1). In June 1939, the author was arrested in Prague. After her release, she was working in a medical lab until October 1941, when she was deported to Lodz with one of five transports of one thousand transportees each (p.2); 120 of these 5,000 survived the internment, among them Mrs Elsa Kafka, now living in London. (p.4).

In May 1942, the author married a friend of her late husband’s in order to rescue the invalid from the gas-chamber, which she was entitled to by doing a job in the camp (as an assistant doctor); he died in 1943. She developed jaundice and spotted fever (p.2).

In January 1944, she was deported with a seven days’ transport of 1,000 Polish Jewesses to the Hasag works at Czenstochow, where she had to do work as a factory hand under extremely bad conditions; cruel punishments constantly inflicted (p.3).

In January 1945, transport to Germany of the internees, obviously no survivors. The author and a few others went into hiding and were liberated by the Russians on 8 January 1945.

Number of pages: 63
Reference number: 1656/3/9/509
Catalogue ID: 106404
Subject: Star of DavidMass killingsEscapees
Number of pages: 7
Reference number: 1656/3/9/380
Catalogue ID: 106391
Subject: Buchenwald (concentration camp)Treblinka (extermination camp)Children
Summary:

The author, Israel Gasorick, (previously Gasiorowicz), was sent to the Polish ghetto Radomsko after the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939. Mr Gasorick worked there in factories until 1943 when he was sent together with his brother Leon to the biggest Polish arms factory Skarzysko Kamienne near Kielcze . In 1942 all elderly people of the ghetto were sent to Treblinka where they were exterminated by the SS. From Skarzysko Kamienne Mr Gasorick escaped and went back to the ghetto in Radomsko, but was warned by Jewish militia that the ghetto would be dissolved and went into hiding. In 1944 Mr Gasorick went to the ghetto in Czenstochau.

A Miss Harding, daughter of a “Volksdeutscher” provided Mr Gasorick with food and money. Mr Gasorick particularly mentions the Jewish Underground Movement in Czenstochau who distinguished themselves by heroic deeds including the attempt to derail a German military train. They were betrayed, a number of their members shot, munition confiscated, the SS executed all elderly people and children. The ghetto was then burnt down. A group of 800 Jewish men and women survived and worked in a munitions factory until they were sent to Buchenwald concentration camp when the Russians approached. Mr Gasorick had to work in the Dora-Lager, from there he was transferred to Rottleberode, a camp near Nordhausen. Eventually he landed in Boelstringen and was finally liberated by the American Forces.

Number of pages: 7
Reference number: 1656/3/9/346
Catalogue ID: 106383
Subject: DeportationsGestapoBuchenwald (concentration camp)
Summary:

A short factual account concerning the deportation of 6,083 Danes from Denmark to German concentration camps giving exact figures and statistical data as to sex and age of the deportees, professional and political (if any) categories, distribution among the various camps, number of deaths occurred, and of the eventual release and return-transports thanks to the efforts of the Danish Foreign Office and the Danish Ambassador to Berlin, Mr O.C. Mohr, and to Danish-Swedish cooperation.

Number of pages: 7
Reference number: 1656/3/9/339
Catalogue ID: 106382
Subject: ChildrenDeportationsMass killings
Summary:

This report on the persecution of Jews in Romania is in the form of a sworn affidavit.

The first pogroms carried out by the SS took place at Jassy on 28 June 1941. The Chief Rabbi and about 2,000 Jews were shot and about 8,000 Jews were made to suffocate in hermetically sealed cattle trucks.

On 2 July 1941 the Gestapo entered Czernowitz and carried out a pogrom lasting 5 days. The synagogue was burnt down and the Rabbi and about 5,000 other Jews were murdered. Decrees concerning the wearing of the yellow badge and economic restrictions followed. On 11 October 1941 70,000 Jews had to leave their homes and to move into a ghetto. Later, about 25,000 of them were deported to the annihilation camp in Transnistria where most of them were killed. It is estimated that up to April 1945 about 200,000 Jews from Bucowina and Bessarabia were killed there.

Dr. Werber himself, being a former Captain in the Romanian Army was released from the ghetto in 1941. His two sons were drafted for forced labour.

Dr. Werber states that Marshall Antonescu tried to soften the severe measures ordered by SS-Ogruf. Killinger; he was forced however to cancel a proposed transport of 70,000 Jewish orphan childreen to Israel.

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